{"id":10723,"date":"2019-12-13T09:58:52","date_gmt":"2019-12-13T12:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/?p=10723"},"modified":"2020-02-19T11:54:57","modified_gmt":"2020-02-19T14:54:57","slug":"acidos-y-bases-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/?p=10723","title":{"rendered":"\u00c1cidos y bases"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>Desde la antig\u00fcedad se clasifican sustancias en base a su sabor o a la sensaci\u00f3n que generan en la piel, este es el caso de los \u00e1cidos y las bases. Ambas forman soluciones de electr\u00f3litos y son capaces cambiar el color de ciertas compuestos. Con el prop\u00f3sito de dar una explicaci\u00f3n al comportamiento f\u00edsico y qu\u00edmico de los \u00e1cidos y bases se han propuesto diversas teor\u00edas llamadas teor\u00edas \u00e1cido-base.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 700px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 91px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 275.5px;\"><strong>\u00c1cido<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 273.5px;\"><strong>Base<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Concepto seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda de Arrhenius<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sustancia que en soluci\u00f3n acuosa incrementa la concentraci\u00f3n de iones hidr\u00f3geno H+.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?HNO_{3}&amp;space;(ac)&amp;space;\\rightarrow&amp;space;{\\color{Red}&amp;space;H^{+}}&amp;space;(ac)&amp;space;+&amp;space;NO_{3}^{-}(ac)\" alt=\"HNO_{3} (ac) \\rightarrow {\\color{Red} H^{+}} (ac) + NO_{3}^{-}(ac)\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/acido-1-300x124.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"196\" height=\"81\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sustancia que en soluci\u00f3n acuosa incrementa la concentraci\u00f3n de iones hidroxilo OH-.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?NaOH&amp;space;(ac)&amp;space;\\rightarrow&amp;space;Na^{+}(ac)&amp;space;+&amp;space;{\\color{Blue}&amp;space;OH^{-}}(ac)\" alt=\"NaOH (ac) \\rightarrow Na^{+}(ac) + {\\color{Blue} OH^{-}}(ac)\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/base-a-300x55.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"244\" height=\"45\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Concepto seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda Br\u00f8nsted-Lowry<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">Especie capaz de ceder iones H+.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?{\\color{Red}&amp;space;CH_{3}COOH}&amp;space;(ac)&amp;space;+&amp;space;H_{2}O&amp;space;\\rightleftharpoons&amp;space;CH_{3}COO^{-}&amp;space;(ac)&amp;space;+&amp;space;{\\color{Red}&amp;space;H_{3}O^{+}}&amp;space;(ac)\" alt=\"{\\color{Red} CH_{3}COOH} (ac) + H_{2}O \\rightleftharpoons CH_{3}COO^{-} (ac) + {\\color{Red} H_{3}O^{+}} (ac)\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/acido-bl-300x66.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"66\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">Especie capaz de aceptar iones H+.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?CH_{3}COOH&amp;space;(ac)&amp;space;+&amp;space;{\\color{Blue}&amp;space;H_{2}O}&amp;space;\\rightleftharpoons&amp;space;{\\color{Blue}&amp;space;CH_{3}COO^{-}}&amp;space;(ac)&amp;space;+&amp;space;H_{3}O^{+}&amp;space;(ac)\" alt=\"CH_{3}COOH (ac) + {\\color{Blue} H_{2}O} \\rightleftharpoons {\\color{Blue} CH_{3}COO^{-}} (ac) + H_{3}O^{+} (ac)\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/base-bl-300x66.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"66\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Concepto seg\u00fan la teor\u00eda de Lewis<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">Sustancia capaz de aceptar un par de electrones.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?{\\color{Red}&amp;space;BF_{3}&amp;space;}+&amp;space;NH_{3}&amp;space;\\rightarrow&amp;space;BF_{3}NH_{3}\" alt=\"{\\color{Red} BF_{3} }+ NH_{3} \\rightarrow BF_{3}NH_{3}\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/acido-l-300x116.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"246\" height=\"95\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">Sustancia capaz de donar o ceder un par de electrones.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?BF_{3}+&amp;space;{\\color{Blue}&amp;space;NH_{3}}&amp;space;\\rightarrow&amp;space;BF_{3}NH_{3}\" alt=\"BF_{3}+ {\\color{Blue} NH_{3}} \\rightarrow BF_{3}NH_{3}\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/base-l-300x116.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"249\" height=\"96\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Rango de pH<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">0 a 6<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">8 a 14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Sabor<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">Agrio.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">Amargo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Viraje de color en papel tornasol<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">Cambia a color rojo el papel azul.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">Cambia a color azul el papel rojo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Neutraliza<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">Bases.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">\u00c1cidos.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Viraje de color en fenolftale\u00edna<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">Cambia de rojo a incoloro.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">Cambia de incoloro a rosado.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Reactividad<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">Reacciona con metales, como el magnesio, zinc o hierro.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">No reacciona con metales. Reacciona con los \u00e1cidos.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Conductividad el\u00e9ctrica<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">Conductor el\u00e9ctrico en soluci\u00f3n acuosa.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">Conductor el\u00e9ctrico en soluci\u00f3n acuosa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Al tacto<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px; text-align: center;\">Son punzantes, queman la piel.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px; text-align: center;\">Son jabonosos.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 91px;\"><strong>Ejemplos<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 275.5px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c1cido sulf\u00farico (H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>), presente en las bater\u00edas.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1cido clorh\u00eddrico (HCl), presente en el est\u00f3mago.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1cido fosf\u00f3rico (H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>3<\/sub>), presente en algunas bebidas gaseosas.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1cido n\u00edtrico (HNO<sub>3<\/sub>), presente en los fertilizantes niitrogenados.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1cido ac\u00e9tico (CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH), componente principal del vinagre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 273.5px;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Hidr\u00f3xido de sodio (NaOH), presente en limpiadores de tuber\u00edas de desag\u00fces.<\/li>\n<li>Hidr\u00f3xido de magnesio (Mg(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>), presente en la leche magnesia.<\/li>\n<li>Hidr\u00f3xido de calcio (Ca(OH)<sub>2<\/sub>), tambi\u00e9n llamada cal, con m\u00faltiples usos industriales y en construcci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li>Hidr\u00f3xido de aluminio (Al(OH)<sub>3<\/sub>), presente en los anti\u00e1cidos.<\/li>\n<li>Amoniaco (NH<sub>3<\/sub>), presente en fertilizantes y limpiadores.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Desde la antig\u00fcedad se clasifican sustancias en base a su sabor o a la sensaci\u00f3n que generan en la piel, este es el caso de los \u00e1cidos y las bases. Ambas forman soluciones de electr\u00f3litos y son capaces cambiar el color de ciertas compuestos. Con el prop\u00f3sito de dar una explicaci\u00f3n al comportamiento f\u00edsico y qu\u00edmico de los \u00e1cidos y bases se han propuesto diversas teor\u00edas llamadas teor\u00edas \u00e1cido-base.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8686,13,21],"tags":[8991,4446,6124,3653,4428,6374,8996,8992,5071,8795,8993,3665,8997,8990,3645,5079,8989,5996,8999,4869,8994,5447,6352,4839,8798,8995,8937,8998],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10723"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10723"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11887,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10723\/revisions\/11887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}