{"id":11568,"date":"2020-01-21T15:00:46","date_gmt":"2020-01-21T18:00:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/?p=11568"},"modified":"2021-08-17T14:06:59","modified_gmt":"2021-08-17T17:06:59","slug":"rayos-alfa-beta-y-gamma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/?p=11568","title":{"rendered":"Rayos alfa, beta y gamma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>Las radiaciones son part\u00edculas subat\u00f3micas. La estabilidad de un n\u00facleo at\u00f3mico depende de la cantidad de protones y neutrones en su interior, estos n\u00facleos, cuando tienen una mayor cantidad de protones que de neutrones se consideran inestables y pueden emitir uno o varios tipos de radiaciones, como lo son las alfa, las beta y las gamma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 700px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130px;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 148.5px;\"><strong>Rayos alfa (<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\alpha\" alt=\"\\alpha\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 158.5px;\"><strong>Rayos beta (<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\beta\" alt=\"\\beta\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 167px;\"><strong>Rayos gamma (<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\gamma\" alt=\"\\gamma\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 130px;\"><strong>Otros nombres<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148.5px;\">Part\u00edculas alfa (<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\alpha\" alt=\"\\alpha\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 158.5px;\">Part\u00edculas beta (<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\beta\" alt=\"\\beta\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 167px;\">Part\u00edculas gamma (<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\gamma\" alt=\"\\gamma\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 130px;\"><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148.5px;\">N\u00facleos de \u00e1tomos de helio-4.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 158.5px;\">Electrones.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 167px;\">Forma de radiaci\u00f3n electromagn\u00e9tica.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 130px;\"><strong>\u00bfC\u00f3mo se producen?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148.5px;\">Por aceleraci\u00f3n artificial o expulsi\u00f3n a partir de un \u00e1tomo mayor.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 158.5px;\">Por medio de la desintegraci\u00f3n nuclear ocurrida en el n\u00facleo de los \u00e1tomos.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 167px;\">Por desexcitaci\u00f3n de un nucle\u00f3n a un menor nivel de energ\u00eda o por desintegraci\u00f3n de is\u00f3topos radioactivo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 130px;\"><strong>Constituidos por:<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148.5px;\">Dos protones y dos neutrones.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 158.5px;\">Electrones.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 167px;\">Fotones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 130px;\"><strong>Unidad de carga<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148.5px;\">+2<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 158.5px;\">-1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 167px;\">0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 130px;\"><strong>Velocidad<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148.5px;\">Aproximadamente 3 . 10<sup>7<\/sup> m\/s<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 158.5px;\">Aproximadamente 2,7 . 10<sup>8<\/sup> m\/s<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 167px;\">Aproximadamente 3 . 10<sup>8<\/sup> m\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Acci\u00f3n de un campo el\u00e9ctrico y magn\u00e9tico<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148.5px;\">Son desviadas por los campos el\u00e9ctricos y magn\u00e9ticos.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11580\" src=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/alfa-300x174.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"174\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/alfa-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/alfa.png 303w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 158.5px;\">Son desviadas por campos\u00a0el\u00e9ctricos y magn\u00e9ticos en sentido opuesto a las part\u00edculas\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\alpha\" alt=\"\\alpha\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11581\" src=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/beta-300x160.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/beta-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/beta.png 316w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 167px;\">No son desviadas por campos\u00a0el\u00e9ctricos y magn\u00e9ticos.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11582\" src=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/gamma-300x156.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/gamma-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/gamma.png 307w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Poder de penetraci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148.5px;\">Bajo. Recorren una distancia peque\u00f1a y son detenidas por una hoja de papel o por la piel del cuerpo humano.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 158.5px;\">Media. Recorren hasta un metro de distancia en el aire y son detenidas por laminas delgadas de metal o madera.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 167px;\">Alta. Recorren cientos de metros en el aire y son detenidas por paredes de cemento o concreto.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 130px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Ejemplo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148.5px;\">Cuando el n\u00facleo del radio (Ra) se desintegra expulsa una part\u00edcula\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\alpha\" alt=\"\\alpha\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>\u00a0y forma el rad\u00f3n (Rn).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?_{88}^{226}\\textrm{Ra}&amp;space;\\rightarrow&amp;space;_{86}^{222}\\textrm{Rn}&amp;space;+&amp;space;_{2}^{4}\\textrm{He}\" alt=\"_{88}^{226}\\textrm{Ra} \\rightarrow _{86}^{222}\\textrm{Rn} + _{2}^{4}\\textrm{He}\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 158.5px;\">Cuando el n\u00facleo del polonio (Po) pierde un electr\u00f3n y se convierte en astato (At).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?_{84}^{218}\\textrm{Po}&amp;space;\\rightarrow&amp;space;_{85}^{218}\\textrm{At}&amp;space;+&amp;space;_{-1}^{&amp;space;0}\\textrm{e}\" alt=\"_{84}^{218}\\textrm{Po} \\rightarrow _{85}^{218}\\textrm{At} + _{-1}^{ 0}\\textrm{e}\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 167px;\">Cuando se desintegra el tecnecio (Te) emite rayos\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?\\gamma\" alt=\"\\gamma\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/latex.codecogs.com\/gif.latex?_{52}^{125}\\textrm{Te}&amp;space;\\rightarrow&amp;space;_{52}^{125}\\textrm{Te}&amp;space;+&amp;space;\\gamma\" alt=\"_{52}^{125}\\textrm{Te} \\rightarrow _{52}^{125}\\textrm{Te} + \\gamma\" align=\"absmiddle\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las radiaciones son part\u00edculas subat\u00f3micas. La estabilidad de un n\u00facleo at\u00f3mico depende de la cantidad de protones y neutrones en su interior, estos n\u00facleos, cuando tienen una mayor cantidad de protones que de neutrones se consideran inestables y pueden emitir uno o varios tipos de radiaciones, como lo son las alfa, las beta y las gamma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8686,13,21],"tags":[9276,9277,9284,9282,3665,9278,9283,9280,4857,9281,9279,7054],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11568"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11568"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19224,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11568\/revisions\/19224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/elbibliote.com\/resources\/articulosdestacados\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}